Dharma
Byte
from
the Abbot

End
Dependence
Day
We
Americans tend to associate the idea of independence with that of
freedom. Freedom from taxation without representation; freedom to enjoy
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; and to practice
religion — or not — as we deem fit. These are freedoms, or rights, that
we tend to take for granted, and yet some other earnest Americans are
always chipping away at them, or attempting to impose their version on
the rest of us. Freedom is apparently dependent on vigilance — trust,
but verify.
If
independence is the opposite of dependence, then we would be well
advised to examine those relationships and material components in our
life upon which we tend to depend, with an eye toward eliminating those
that are not furthering our higher aspirations. We are legitimately
dependent upon our job for livelihood, but also upon our family,
friends and colleagues for their support, or at least for refraining
from erecting barriers to our efforts.
We
have ambivalence toward, and evolving relationships to, our
independence from, or dependence upon, government, justice, religion
and science, to name a few institutional systems modern society has
come to depend upon to differing degrees. We can also examine our
dependence upon Zen in this context. Are we dependent upon zazen itself?
In Fukanzazengi, Master Dogen
instructs us to set aside all “delusive relationships.” Which raises
the question, is there any relationship that is not inherently
delusive? These instructions are for zazen, and so are meant to apply
when we are on the cushion. As soon as we leave the cushion, all bets
are off, as we are all aware. Some effects of zazen go with us into our
daily life activities, but this does not detract from the special
effects of zazen on the cushion.
Relationships
are
subject
to
many attributes, but the chief characteristic of any of
our relationships might be said to be its impermanence, according to
basic Buddhism. This is not to quibble with the mitigating aspect of
the principle of rebirth, that relationships are karmically entangled,
and so neither begin nor end in one lifetime. Let’s not go there. But
simply to say that any relationship we have with another person, be it
wonderful or awful, is either made more poignant, or more bearable,
respectively, by virtue of being reliably transient.
In
Zen, there is one fundamental relationship that has to be resolved.
After which, all other relationships fall into their proper place. It
relates to the Precept of knowing self and other as one, which may be
interpreted as the deeper meaning of Master Dogen’s fourth stanza, or
transition, where he said, paraphrasing:
To study the way
is to study the self
To study
the self is to forget the self
To forget
the self is to be enlightened by all things
To be
enlightened by all things is to remove the barrier between
self and
others, and go on in traceless enlightenment forever
This
is variously translated, but this last line, remove the
barrier between self and others, often has a
kind of New Age cliché interpretation, taken to mean that there is
actually no separation of self and other, no difference, no
distinction; we are all the same. All opinions are equal, and so forth.
In other words, it can be carried to an extreme, this idea of social
unity or unification, expressed in this way. But the social implication
— we are clearly all different from each other — becomes almost a
mindless, or poetic expression, when in actuality we are both the same
and different from each other; we are both united and separate in our
lives.
But I
believe the deeper meaning of Dogen is to remove the barrier between
self and other, in the
singular sense. That is, if we are sitting in a cave alone, somewhere,
we still have the separation of self and other. We are dependent upon
—the discriminating, or monkey mind, depends upon — this separation for
propping up the fiction of the separate self, the I-me-mine of the ego.
If we can, once and for all, resolve this bifurcation, which is at the
core of the sense of alienation, anxiety and insecurity we have in
facing the vagaries of existence, then we can be at home, or at peace,
with our dependency; and enjoy the only true independence available to
us. Naturally, then, we can more readily cope with relationships to others that we confront in life.
From
this jumping-off point we can consider our delusive relationships. If
our concept of self-other is delusive, no other relationship can escape
its sway. All relations will be distorted in the mirror of the self.
But if we can erect the mirror of
Zen — which reflects the good, the bad and the ugly without
discrimination — we can see clearly our self, and others, without
sentimental distortion. Let’s consider some of the dimension of Zen in
this light.
We can
depend upon karma, absolutely; but we cannot depend upon our concept of
karma. We can depend upon zazen, but not our limited grasp of zazen.
Matsuoka-roshi points to this with his expression that when the
posture, breath, and attention all come together in a unified way, this
is the “real zazen.” Which implies that there can be zazen that is not
real. We can be daydreaming, planning, worrying, scheming, et cetera,
all the while seeming to ourselves and others to be practicing zazen.
Can’t tell the book by the cover. We can be covering for other areas of
our life by escaping into fake zazen. can be looking for results from
zazen. Doesn’t work. We can wear ourselves out this way.
When
we begin to experience the real zazen, these issues work themselves
out. We are coming to resolution of the relationship of self and other,
which is delusive. When there is no self separate from other, then
zazen has “set aside all delusive relationships.” It is sitting us. The
breath is breathing us. The flower of Zen is turning us.
We can
depend upon buddha, but only in the form of our original nature, not
some idea, however elevated, of buddha. We can depend on dharma, but
only its essence, not its representation. We can depend on sangha, but
only its true spirit, not its manifestation.
Likewise,
we
can
depend
upon family and friends, colleagues, bosses, the Four
so-called Benefactors, political rulers, teachers, and parents, but not
for our most basic needs and higher aspirations. Here, in this
place, we have nothing, and no one, to fall back on. This is the
intimacy of the primary relationship. Master Dogen points to this in
Zazenshin; Acupuncture Needle for Zazen (be careful; this
needle is sharp; S. Okumura, trans.):
The
essential-function of buddhas and the functioning-essence of ancestors
Being
actualized within not-thinking
Being
manifested within non-interacting
Being
actualized within not-thinking the actualization is by nature intimate
Being
manifested within non-interacting the manifestation
is itself
verification
The
actualization that is by nature intimate never has defilement
The
manifestation that is by nature verification never has distinction
between Absolute and
Relative
The
Intimacy without defilement is dropping off
without relying
on anything
Verification
beyond
distinction
between
Absolute and Relative
is making effort
without aiming at it
The water
is clear to the earth a fish is swimming like a fish
The
sky
is
vast
and extends to the heavens a bird is flying like a bird
The
relevant line here is: the Intimacy
without defilement is dropping off without relying on anything.
This actualization of true intimacy is shinjin datsuraku, body-mind
dropping off. How could any “relationship,” dependent, delusive, or
otherwise, remain?
Most
of us want to believe we can depend on our teachers, both in education
in general, and especially in Zen. And in most situations, we can. But
I can assure you that you absolutely cannot depend upon me, when it
comes to these farthest reaches of practice. Likewise, I can not depend
upon my teacher in these rarified straits. Soto Zen, in particular,
eschews co-dependent relationships in favor of dependency on zazen and
our original nature.
We can
depend on, or trust, the true self of body-mind, but must relinquish
our comfortable dependency on our definition of it. We cannot rely on
the senses, which becomes apparent by thoroughly investigating them in
zazen. Given emptiness, no eye, no
ear, no nose, no tongue, no body, no mind. What can this mean?
We cannot depend on our present interpretation of common sense. We must
sit without relying on thinking.
We can
depend on bodhi mind, but not on citta, monkey mind. Not for the same
thing, anyway. We can depend on the process of discovery, uncovering
our original buddha nature. But we must declare independence from the
tyranny of the self, of the clinging mind.
From
what are you prepared to declare your independence, today?
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